Growing Up In a Large Family

Family, being the most basic unit of society is where the values of an individual are shaped. That is ideal of course and varies from widely from culture to culture.   In developed countries the family is mostly composed of the mother, father and the child. The number of children also varies from 1-3. That is called the nuclear family wherein a home includes no other relatives other than the first degree. However when it comes to developing countries where family ties are valued down to the farthest line such as cousins, uncles and grandparents, a family can be as large as seven to 12 people of more. In countries where the Islam religion is dominant and where the law allows for concubines, a family can be a very large. There are many advantages when it comes to growing up in a large family. For one, it is more lively and there are a lot of people who can help each other just in case the parents are busy. In cases where there are many children, as long as the parents are able to give equal love, care and financial support to each child then the family can be a host to a well rounded child. This is because even at a young age he is trained to mingle with a large crowd and build close ties with the others. The child therefore, grows to be an emotionally stable child and is well endowed with love and care. Brotherhood and sisterhood can also be cultivated in the mind of the child since he has a lot of siblings to take care of and play with. He will learn values such as teamwork and camaraderie at a young age. In addition to that, if the parents are loving enough and are effective in their parenting, the children will value sharing and fairness.  In cases where the grandparents and other relatives live with the family, then there would be a lot of adults to take care of the children and minimizing or compensating the love and attention that the parents can’t give to their child. In a nutshell, growing up in a large family can be very beneficial for the emotional status of the child.      

Commercial Basic Credit Management EXIM Bank Experience

DECLARATION This Internship report is submitted as a partial fulfilment of the requirement of Bachelor of Business Administration . I am Md. Saiful Islam hereby declares that the work presented in this report titled â€Å"Commercial Basic Credit Management EXIM Bank Experience. † has been carried out by me and has not been previously submitted to any other University, College or Organization for any academic qualification, certificate, diploma or degree. The work I have presented does not breach any existing copyright.I further undertake to indemnify the university the against any loss or damage arising from breach of the foregoing obligations. Md. Saiful Islam ID NO. 0101092908 Department of Business Administration IBAIS University ACKNOWLEDGEMENT At first, I foremost like to express my heartiest thankfulness to Almighty Allah to reach me at the end of the BBA Internship. I would like to take the opportunity to express my heartiest gratitude to my honourable supervisor Mahabb at Hosen, Department of Business Administration, IBAIS University for his continuous guidance and support to complete this report.My special thanks to the respondent and my friends specially, Sumon and Monirul Islam former students of IBAIS University for their kind help and co-operation during the course of this Internship. My sincere apologies to the readers for my conceptual and printing mistakes (if any). Md. Saiful Islam ID NO. 0101092908 Department of Business Administration IBAIS University Certificate of the supervisor This is to certify that the thesis on ‘Accounting Performance on Credit Management and Legal Settlement EXIM Bank Ltd. An overview’ as a partial fulfilment of requirement of ‘Bachelor of Business Administration’ degree from ‘IBAIS University’.The thesis has been carried out under my guidance and is a record of the bona fide work carried out successfully. Signature: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Supervisor’s Full Name: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Date: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Faculty: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Letter of TransmittalDate: March 16, 2013 Mahabbat Hosan Lecture of IBAIS University Dept. of Business Administration Subject: Submission of Inter nship Report Dear Sir, It is my great pleasure to submit the internship report on â€Å"Accounting Performance on Credit Management and legal Settlement at EXIM Bank overview. † Which is the partial fulfilment of Bachelor of Business Administration of IBAIS University. I made sincere efforts to study related materials and documents, observe operations performed in EXIM Bank Experience and examine relevant records for preparation of the report.Within the time limit, I have to make this report as comprehensive as possible. But there may be some mistakes due to various limitations. For this reason beg your kind consideration in this regard. Sincerely yours. Md. Saiful Islam ID NO. 0101092908 Department of Business Administration IBAIS University Table of contents Part A Organization ChapterTopicsPage No. 1About The Report 1. 1Origin of the Report 1. 2Background of the Report 1. 3Objects of the study 1. 4Methodology of the study 1. 4. 1Primary Source of Data 1. 4. 2Secondary Sour ces of Date 1. 5Data Processing & Analysis Banking in Bangladesh 2. 1 Introduction 2. 2 Evolution of the word â€Å"Bank† 2. 3 Emergence of Modern Banking 2. 4Bank Development in Bangladesh 2. 5Concluding Note 3EXIM Bank At a Glance 3. 1Historical Background of EXIM Bank Ltd 3. 2Profile of EXIM Bank 3. 3Credit Rating 3. 4Vision and Mission 3. 5Functions of the EXIM Bank Ltd. 3. 6Corporate Culture 3. 7Human Resource Management of EXIM Bank 3. 8Organizational Structure 3. 9Management of Rajuk avenue Branch organ gram 3. 10Management of EXIM Bank Ltd 3. 11Social Commitments 3. 11. 1EXIM Bank Foundation and CSR Activities 3. 11. . 1Healthcare service 3. 11. 1. 2Scholarship program for brilliant poor student 3. 11. 1. 3Helping people affected by natural calamities 3. 11. 1. 4Education Promotion Scheme (Interest free loan) 3. 11. 1. 5Helping people in slum areas 3. 11. 1. 6Donation to educational institutions to setup computer lab 3. 11. 1. 7 Beautification of Dhaka City 3. 12Achie vement 3. 12. 1First private sector bank to open exchange house in UK: 3. 12. 2Implementation of the world renowned Core Banking Software (TEMENOS T24) 3. 12. 3Conversion from Conventional Banking to Shariah Based Islamic Banking . 13Performance of EXIM Bank Ltd. 3. 14Shariah Board 3. 14. 1Shariah Auditing 3. 14. 2Banking with shariah principles 3. 15SWIFT Services 3. 15. 1SWIFT Network 3. 15. 2SWIFT is the logical choice for most international financial transactions 3. 15. 3SWIFT Messages 3. 16ATM Network 3. 17List of Branches 4Theoretical Aspect of Credit Management and Credit Policy 4. 1Credit Policy 4. 1. 1Definition of Credit Policy 4. 1. 2Purposes of Credit Policy 4. 1. 3Formulation of a Credit Policy 4. 1. 4Essential Components of a Sound Credit Policy 4. 1. 5Lending Guidelines 4. 1. Focus on Industry and Business Segment 4. 1. 7Types of Credit Facilities: Bank will go for 4. 2Credit Management 4. 2. 1 Process of Credit Management 4. 2. 2 Policy guidelines 4. 2. 3 Program gui delines 4. 2. 4Tools of Credit Management 4. 2. 5Definition of Credit Risk Grading(CRG) 4. 2. 6Use of Credit Risk Grading 4. 2. 7Number and short name of grades used in the CRG 4. 2. 8Financial Spread Sheet in Credit Management Part B Project Analysis 5Investment Case by EXIM Bank 5. 1Introduction 5. 2 Economic Sector Wise Distribution of Fund 5. 3 Nature Wise Distribution of Loans and Advances . 4 Maturity Grouping of Distribution of Loans and Advances 5. 5Securities in Credit Management 5. 6Practical Cases 6Recovery of Investment Fund 6. 1Loan Recovery Programs 6. 2Recovery Programs taken by EXIM Bank 6. 3 Recovery Patterns of loan and advance 6. 4 Problems in loan recovery 7Classified Loan & Bank’s Performance 7. 1Introduction 7. 2Signs for Classification 7. 3Performance of EXIM Bank Limited 7. 4Evaluation of credit management of EXIM Bank from the customers’ point of view 7. 5Concluding Remarks Findings & Recommendation Bibliography Chapter 01 About The Report 1. O rigin of the Report Present world is changing rapidly to face the challenge of competitive free market economy. To keep place with the trend every organization need executive with modern knowledge. To provide fresh graduate with modern theoretical and professional knowledge in banking and all other different institution management, IBAIS University has assigned the internship program for the students to help them out to have a practical knowledge to work in a real official environment. Under this course the students are sent to gather practical knowledge about working environment and activities.As a prerequisite for the Bachelor of Business Administration Degree I was required to complete this internship program in a suitable business organization. I had been selected to work as an Internee in Export Import Bank of Bangladesh Limited, Rajuk Avenue Branch for a period of 3 months from October 13, 2012 to January 12, 2012. Md. Moidul Islam, Senior Vice President, HR division, Export I mport Bank of Bangladesh Limited appointed me as an Internee. After discussion and getting consent, I started to work on the project titled Accounting Performance on Credit Management and legal Settlement at EXIM Bank Ltd an overview†. . 2 Background of the Report For completion of the BBA degree all of the IBAIS University, students have to go through an internship program in an organization. For this reason BBA students require to undergraduate internship program where they match practical knowledge with that of theoretical knowledge which the acquired throughout the degree. The degree doesn’t complete unless a written report submitted to the faculty, basing on what have the students learned through the internship program. Being a student of BBA, I have the opportunity to work at EXIM BANK Ltd.Rajuk Avenue Branch. This report is prepared based on by observation during the tenor I was with them. 1. 3 Objects of the study The main objective of the study is the evaluatio n â€Å"Commercial Bank Credit Management EXIM Bank Ltd. † To achieve the main objectives, the study covers the following specific objectives. ?To understand the Commercial Bank Credit Management and its overview ? To know about the banking operation. ?To understand the different services provided by the bank ? To gather practical knowledge on Banking & to compare theory with ongoing practices. To present the suggestions to solve identified problems. 1. 4 Methodology of the study For the organization part, much information will be collected from different published articles, journals, brochures and web sites. All the information incorporated in this report will be collected both from the primary sources and as well as from the secondary sources. Here all the customers of EXIM Bank Ltd. who come to Rajuk Avenue Branch and related with the branch at least two years for doing various financial transaction constitute the total population of the study.The total samples are thirty clients who are related with the bank at least two years or more. I think they may represent the whole population. Each client who is conducting their business two years or more with Rajuk avenue Branch is a sample unit. 1. 4. 1Primary Source of Data Collecting data directly from the practical field is called primary source of data. The method that will be used to collect the primary data is as follows: Primary Sources are: †¢Face to face conversation with the employees. †¢Appointment with the top officials of the Bank. †¢By interviewing customers of the Bank. 1. 4. Secondary Sources of Date The secondary data will be collected from the MIS of EXIM Bank. To clarify different conceptual matters, internet and different articles published in the journals & magazines will be used. Secondary Sources are: ?Annual Reports of EXIM Bank ?Other published documents of Bangladesh Bank. ?Office files and documents ?Study related books and journals ?Group Instruction Manual & Busin ess Instruction Manual ?Web sites 1. 5 Data Processing & Analysis Collected information have then processed & compiled with the aid of MS Word, Excel & other related computer software.Necessary tables have been prepared on the basis of collected data and various statistical techniques have been applied to analyses on the basis of classified information. 1. 6 Limitations of the study In spite of having the wholehearted effort, there were some limitations, which acted as a barrier to conduct the program and for doing an empirical research work. The limitations were: ?The study was limited only to the EXIM Bank Limited. ?Another Problem was time constraints. The duration of my internship Program was only three months. But this allocated time is not enough for a complete and fruitful study. The Bank was a busy one having heavy rush of people, whom officers need to deal with. So allocation of time for an internee is very much tough for the officers of the bank. ?Bank is a sophisticate bu siness sector. So bank do not interested to provide me confidential data. As a result in my report there is a confidential data limitation. ?Non availability of up to date data. ?EXIM Bank is an Islamic bank for that reason I face some problems to understand their products & facilities they provide. Because some of the rules of the Islamic banking are deferent from the general banking rules ?The department people always remain busy due to lack of supporting employees so they could not dedicate their full efforts. Chapter 02 Banking in Bangladesh 2. 1 Introduction Bank is an establishment which makes such advances of money to individual, as may be required with which individuals entrust money when not required by them for use. A bank is one, who in the ordinary course of his business receives money which he repays by honouring cheques of persons from whom or on whose account he receives it. Banks deal mainly with money and credit. They purchase and sell money and credit. . 2 Evolutio n of the word â€Å"Bank† Etymology deals with the roots and origin of the word ‘bank’. Regarding etymology or origin of the word bank there is no unanimous opinion among the writers of banking. According to some writers the word bank derived from the word BANCO, BANCUS, BANQUE, and BANC, all of which mean bench upon which the early bankers used to display their coins and transact business in the market place. According to the some other writers the word ‘bank’ has been derived from the German word ‘BANKE’ which means a joint stock fund.The 1st version is widely accepted because at one time the banking history, money changing was looked upon as the most widely accepted function of a banker. Banking in the ancient times was largely confined to money changing and money lending. 2. 3 Emergence of Modern Banking In middle Europe the bankers of Lombardy were very famous. To them belongs the credit of modern banking. In other words they plante d the seed of modern banking in England. They settled in London at a place known as Lombard Street. Florence was the capital of Lombardy. Lombardy was a province in North Italy.Most of the prominent bankers of their present were from Lombardy. Among those prominent bankers we can named one who were famous not only in banking but also in political history in Europe. These Lombardy people were very much disturbed in 13’s by internecine work which was followed by plunder by Kaiser Frederick two. Lombardy people in large number as a result started migrating to more settled countries such as England, French, and Belgium. In England these Lombardy people brought the idea of modern banking and thus England becomes the home of modern banking. . 4 Bank Development in Bangladesh Indigenous banking in Bangladesh is as old as banking in other parts of the world. Money used to be accepted as a deposit and advances used to be given. During Mughal period, indigenous banking flourished. The subarna banik the bullion trading community used to do banking in the then Bengal. Subsequently, larger banking in Bangladesh was gradually taken over by the upcountry bankers who were known as Seth, shah etc. but subarna baniks continued to operate in rural Bengal.With the British gradually coming over to Bengal and settling here, banking in the form of agency house, exchanging house started to flourish in kolkata. Entry of the Bengalese into banking started in the part of this century, especially in the wake of the swadeshi movement. In 1947 after the separation of India and Pakistan, bank business faced a severe disaster as non-Muslim bankers migrated to India. In order to rebuild the bank business State bank of Pakistan was established as a central bank of Pakistan in 1948. In 1971 Bangladesh became independent.After liberation â€Å"Bangladesh bank was automated with the asset and liabilities of former â€Å"State bank of Pakistan†. There were several banks before indep endence of Bangladesh as follows: (1) The national bank of Pakistan (2)The bank of Vowalpur ltd. (3)The premier bank ltd. (4)The Habib bank ltd. (5)The commerce bank ltd. (6)The united bank ltd. (7)The union bank ltd. (8)The Muslim commercial bank ltd. (9)The standard bank ltd. (10) The Australasia bank ltd. (11) The eastern mercantile bank ltd. (12) The eastern banking corporation ltd. Bangladesh Bank nationalization Order promulgated on 26 March in 1972.After the liberation war the above 1st three banks were converted to The Sonali Bank, The 2nd two banks were converted to The Agrani Bank, the next two banks were converted to The Janata Bank, the next three banks were converted to The Rupali Bank, the next one bank was converted to The Pubali Bank and the last bank was converted to The Uttara Bank. Banks in Bangladesh have correspondent relationship with other banks in foreign countries in order to sell their services or to purchase services from them. A summary picture of the cou ntry's commercial banks is presented in the table on Banks of Bangladesh.Statement of Banks in the year 2011 Name of BankBranchesCorrespondent Banks Sonali Bank1307 (1)*369 Janata Bank898 (4)1160 Agrani Bank903980 Rupali Bank514 (1)160 Pubali Bank350433 Uttara Bank198300 National Bank66143 The City Bank 76252 United Commercial Bank79110 Arab – Bangladesh Bank62 (1)310 IFIC Bank54 (2)200 Islami Bank Bangladesh109650 Al-Baraka Bank Bangladesh34117 Eastern Bank2137 National Credit & Commerce Bank27232 Prime Bank20198 South-East Bank12190 Dhaka Bank12271 Al-Arafa Islami Bank 34127 Social Investment Bank1252 Dutch-Bangla Bank69 Mercantile Bank89 Standard Bank913 One Bank155EXIM Bank37 Premier Bank 411 First Security Bank13 Mutual Trust Bank214 Bank Asia 55 Trust Bank525 Bangladesh Commerce Bank2413 * Figures in parentheses indicate number of overseas branches 2. 5 Concluding Note Today’s bank in Bangladesh has not developed over night. Before and after independence of Bangl adesh the concept of bank was developed in Bangladesh gradually. So I can easily say that bank history is as ancient as the human civilization. Chapter 03 EXIM Bank at a Glance 3. 1 Historical Background of EXIM Bank Ltd EXIM Bank Limited was established in 1999 under the leadership of Late Mr.Shahjahan Kabir, founder chairman who had a long dream of floating a commercial bank which would contribute to the socio-economic development of our country. He had a long experience as a good banker. A group of highly qualified and successful entrepreneurs joined their hands with the founder chairman to materialize his dream. Indeed, all of them proved themselves in their respective business as most successful star with their endeavor, intelligence, hard working and talent entrepreneurship. Among them, Mr. Nazrul Islam Mazumder became the honorable chairman after the demise of the honorable founder chairman.This bank starts functioning from 3rd August, 1999 with Mr. Alamgir Kabir, FCA as the advisor and Mr. Mohammad Lakiotullah as the Managing Director. Both of them have long experience in the financial sector of our country. By their pragmatic decision and management directives in the operational activities, this bank has earned a secured and distinctive position in the banking industry in terms of performance, growth, and excellent management. The authorized capital and paid up capital of the bank are Tk. 3500. 00 million and Tk 2677. 80 million respectively.The bank has migrated all of its conventional banking operation into Shariah based Islami banking since July/2004. 3. 2 Profile of EXIM Bank †¢Legal Status. Public Limited Company †¢Establish 1999 †¢Incorporated 2nd June,1999 †¢Activity Starts 3rd August,1999 †¢Islamic Banking 1st July,2004 †¢Listing with Dhaka Stock Exchange September, 2006. Listing with Chittagong Stock Exchange September, 2006. †¢Inauguration of First Branch 3rd August, 1999. †¢Authorized Capital TK. 10 00Million †¢Profit TK 4967563969 million †¢Total Asset TK 41793540. 962 million †¢Shares TK 2233254288 million †¢Paid up Capital TK 878. 5 Million †¢Reserve Fund TK 569. 98 Million †¢Number of Employees 1630 Persons †¢No. of Branches 52 †¢Proposed Branches 08 3. 3 Credit Rating oLong Term A-(Adequate Safety) oShort Term ST-3 (Good Grade) 3. 4 Vision and Mission ?To be the finest bank in the banking arena of Bangladesh under the Shariah guidelines. Contribute significantly to the national economy ?To maintain Corporate and business ethics. ?To become a trusted repository of customers' money and their financial advisor. ?To make our stock superior and rewarding to the customers/share holders. ?To display team spirit and professionalism. ?To have a Sound Capital Base. ?To provide high quality financial services in export and import trade. ?To provide excellent quality Customer service ?To provide standard financial services. ?Wealth maximizat ion 3. 5 Functions of the EXIM Bank Ltd ?The main task of the EXIM Bank Ltd. s to accept deposit from various customers through various accounts. ?Provides loans on easy terms and condition. ?The bank invest it fund in to profitable sector. ?It transfers money by Demand Draft, Pay Order, on line and Telegraph Transfer. ?The bank is doing the transaction of bill exchange, cheque etc. on behalf of the clients. ?EXIM Bank assists in the foreign exchange by issuing LC. ?Above all, EXIM Bank helps the businessmen financially by giving discount facility for bill of exchange and by providing the facility of letter of guarantee. 3. 6 Corporate CultureThis bank is one of the most disciplined Banks with a distinctive corporate culture. The bank believes in shared meaning, shared understanding and shared sense making. The employee of the bank can see and understand events, activities, objects and situation in a distinctive way. They mould their manners and etiquette, character individually to suit the purpose of the Bank and the needs of the customers who are of paramount importance to the bank. The people in the Bank see themselves as a tight knit team/family that believes in working together for growth.The corporate culture we belong has not been imposed; it has rather been achieved through our corporate conduct 3. 7 Human Resource Management of EXIM Bank Human resource is the fundamental asset of the organization. Human resource approach is concerned with the growth and development of people toward higher level of competency, creativity and fulfillment. Therefore, human resources development has been given its due importance in an environment that’s values performance, teamwork, fairness and integrity, it has both quantities dimension .EXIM Bank recognizes that intellectual capital is the most important asset for a financial institution. Without proper and efficient human resources, no organization. The Bank believes that the professional competence Bank person al and its commitment for accomplishing assigned responsibilities are a first line of defense to prevent irregularities. †¢The objectives of Human Resource Management of EXIM Bank are as follows: oConduction of job analysis. oPlanning employee needs and recruiting job candidate. oSelecting job candidates. Orienting and training of new employees. oManaging wages and salaries (compensating Employees). oProviding incentives and benefits. oAppraising performance. oCommunicating (Interview, counseling, disciplining) oTraining and developing managers. oBuilding employee commitment. 3. 8 Organizational Structure 3. 9 Management of Rajuk Avenue Branch Organ gram 3. 10 Management of EXIM Bank Ltd Management is the process of planning, organizing, leading and controlling the work of organization member and of using all available resources to reach stated organizational goals.The strength of the bank depends of the strength of its management team. EXIM Bank is proud to have a team of high ly motivated, well-educated and experienced executive who have been contributing substantially to the continued progress of the bank. Managerial effectiveness has been measured in EXIM Bank in terms of come selected criteria such deposit mobilization, loans and advances made, loan recovery, profitability’s and productivity, it has been found that EXIM Bank is effective in respect of branch expansion, loan disbursement, loan recovery etc.With a short span of time, EXIM Bank has become one of the leading and most successful bank not only among the third generation banks but also it superseded many other bank and financial institutions belonging to second and even first generation banks from the point of view under the dynamic leadership of its management. Management is trying to support and assist well motivated and experienced affairs to run day to day affairs of the bank smoothly.For maintains quality management, its required to train up more official at head office and branc h level in respect of sanctioning, disbursement and recovery of credit, project appraisals, customer services etc 3. 11 Social Commitments 3. 11. 1 EXIM Bank Foundation and CSR Activities At least 2% of the annual profit of every year is put aside for the foundation to conduct Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) activities. The mainstream CSR activities that are carried out through this foundation are:- †¢Healthcare service. †¢Scholarship program for brilliant poor student. †¢Education Promotion Scheme (Interest free loan). Helping people affected by natural calamities. †¢Helping people in slum areas. †¢Donation to educational institutions to setup computer lab. †¢Beautification of Dhaka City. 3. 11. 1. 1 Healthcare service A 5 storied building having 10,000 sft floor space at 840 Kazi Para, Rokeya Sarani, Mirpur, Dhaka-1216 has been hired to set up EXIM Bank Hospital. The decoration of this hospital is going on in full swing. A doctor has been recr uited who is working as a resident director of the hospital. Other doctors and hospital staffs have been in the process of selection through recruitment notice already published in the national dailies.They will be appointed as soon as the decoration of the hospital is complete. 3. 11. 1. 2 Scholarship program for brilliant poor student This is a stipend package for poor and meritorious students that take care of the beneficiaries throughout their student life. EXIM Bank Scholarship Programme, launched in 2006 with 61 poor and meritorious students selected from different reputed educational institutions of Dhaka City including Govt. Laboratory High School, Viqarunnissa Noon School and College, Dhaka University, BUET, Dhaka Medical College, etc. nrolled as many as 1000 students from around 150 reputed educational institutions across the country by 31 December 2008. They are enrolled in the this programme to be taken care of for their whole educational life subject to their fulfilment of the eligibility criteria that include satisfactory academic results, non-involvement in student politics, financial insolvency etc. So far Tk. 19. 3 million has been disbursed as scholarship under this programme. 3. 11. 1. 3 Helping people affected by natural calamities Another vital area we are dealing with as part of our CSR activities is helping people survive natural calamities.Under this welfare programmer, EXIM Bank provides relief in cash and kind for flood, fire or cyclone victims and cold-stricken people. The aim of these CSR activities is to help the target group overcome their provisional handicap and contribute to the socio-economic growth as soon as possible. 3. 11. 1. 4 Education Promotion Scheme (Interest free loan) Under Education Promotion Scheme, quard or interest-free loan is provided for poor and meritorious students to help them bear monthly educational expenditure including academic expenses, food, accommodation, etc.The quard is disbursed to the selected s tudents in monthly installments till their accomplishing the master degree. Under this programme the students are required to repay the amount (only the principal amount) in long-term monthly installments after they have joined a confirmed job accomplishing their education properly. By 31 December 2008, Tk. 19. 7 million was sanctioned to take care of around 138 poor and meritorious students from a number of reputed educational institutions like Dhaka University, Chittagong University, Dhaka Medical College, BUET, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology etc. . 11. 1. 5 Helping people in slum areas Besides natural calamities, fire breaks out sometimes in slum areas that guts the shanties and renders the affected people totally helpless. In that situation, we help the victims fight against the hard days and return to normal life. 3. 11. 1. 6 Donation to educational institutions to setup computer lab We have donated to Dhaka University and Chi ttagong University to set up two computer labs that help the students of those universities acquire ICT knowledge. This will certainly help the students to be ready to take the challenges of this information society. 3. 11. 1. Beautification of Dhaka City In response to the call of the Dhaka City Corporation, EXIM Bank has been sharing a good portion of the mammoth task of beautifying the capital since 2005. To make the capital a modern city enriched with adequate urban amenities, EXIM Bank always joins hands with the government. 3. 12 Achievement 3. 12. 1 First private sector bank to open exchange house in UK In order to ensure delivery of smooth and most reliable remittance services to NRBs living and working in UK, Export Import Bank of Bangladesh Limited (EXIM Bank) has started operation of its wholly owned subsidiary â€Å"EXIM Exchange Company (UK) Ltd†. n 30th June 2009 in London, United Kingdom, one of the oldest destinations for the expatriate Bangladeshis. It is the first exchange house owned by a Bangladeshi private bank. Bangladesh Bank Governor Dr. Atiur Rahman inaugurated the exchange house as the Chief Guest, while H. E. Dr. M. Sayeedur Rahman Khan, Honorable High Commissioner, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, was present in the program as special guest. Chairman of EXIM Bank and Director of EXIM Exchange Company (UK) Ltd. Mr.Md Nazrul Islam Mazumder presided over the program. Deputy High Commissioner Mr. Allamah Siddique, Director of EXIM Bank Mr. Muhammed Nurul Fazal Bulbul, Mrs Nasrin Islam, Mr. Abdullah-Al-Zahir Swapan, Mr. Md. Shahidullah, Managing Director of EXIM Bank Mr. Kazi Masihur Rahman and local elites were also present in the opening ceremony. With the opening of EXIM Exchange the Bangladeshi expatriates will now be able to send remittances to their family members back home within shortest possible time through online transfer to all the branches of EXIM Bank.EXIM Exchange Company (UK) Ltd is located at the Universal House of Wentworth Street London which is a very convenient location for the Bangladeshi community and business houses. Unlike any other exchange company operating in UK, as EXIM Exchange is completely owned and supervised by EXIM Bank under the approval of Bangladesh Bank and UK regulators, it is expected to be the most reliable and trusted Exchange House for the NRBs. 3. 12. 2 Implementation of the world renowned Core Banking Software (TEMENOS T24)All the branches of EXIM Bank have been using branch based banking software named PcBank2000 developed by Leads Corporation, Bangladesh. In order to replace this software with a centralized Shariah Based Islami Banking software, the bank management has made an agreement woth TEMENOS Switzerland to implement its world renowned Core Banking Software T24. Implementation of this software has been started at the end of the year 2007. A team comprising very skilled employees from both business and IT of the bank has been working day and night for implementing the Software. The team has been given training on the software from Chennai, India.Working very hard with the foreign consultants during the last one and half year, this team has successfully migrated our Motijheel branch and Head Office on 03/05/2009 after completing gap analysis, customization of the software and User Acceptance Test (UAT). The Motijheel branch and Head Office are now running on T24. This centralized software is capable enough to provide all sorts of electronic banking service to the valued customers through various electronic delivery channels. Bashundhara Branch has started to use this software from 17th March, 2010 3. 12. 3 Conversion from Conventional Banking to Shariah Based ISLAMI BankingIt is a great pleasure that by the grace of Almighty Allah, the bank migrated at a time all the branches from its conventional banking operation into Shariah based Islami banking operation without any trouble. Lot of uncertainties and adversities were there into this migration process. The officers and executives of our bank motivated the valued customers by counseling and persuasion in light with the spirit of Islam especially for the non-Muslim customers. Our IT division has done the excellent job of converting and fitting the conventional business processes into the processes based on Shariah.It has been made possible by following a systematic procedure of migration under the leadership of honorable Managing Director. 3. 13 Performance of EXIM Bank Ltd The business of banking consists of borrowing and lending. As in other businesses, operation must be based on capital but banks employ comparatively small of their own capital in relation to the total volume of their transaction. The purpose of capital on reserve accounts is primary to provide an ultimate cover against losses on loans investments. In Bangladesh, there are many types of banks which are formed as commercial banks.But above all, EXIM Bank of Bangladesh limited is a new generation of private commercial bank. The full abbreviation of EXIM Bank Ltd. The bank has got lending personalities business man and reputed industrialist as its sponsors. The bank will be immensely benefited from the valuable advice of the experienced sponsors of the bank. The late chairmen of the bank contribute much for the solid foundation of the bank at the initial stage. Unfortunately his untimely death caused a vacuum leadership of the bank. But within shortest possible time, the sponsors who in a position to select the next Chairman of the Bank.Performance of the EXIM Bank Ltd. During 2008 in all business arenas like deposit, investment and Foreign Exchange exceeded performance of the previous years. The Bank achieved satisfactory progress in all areas. Growth in deposit mobilization is 48. 44%, Investments 34. 73%, Import 54. 74%, and Export Business 39. 55%. 3. 14 Shariah Board The Board of directors has formed a Sharia Supervisory Board for the Bank. Their dut y is to monitor the entire Bank’s transactional procedures, & assuring its Sharia compliancy.This Board consists of the following members headed by its Chairman The tasks of the Sharia supervisor in summary is replying to queries of the Bank’s administration, staff members, shareholders, depositors, & customers, follow up with the Sharia auditors and provide them with guidance, submitting reports & remarks to the Fatwa & Sharia Supervision Board and the administration, participating in the Bank’s training programs, participating in the supervision over the AlIqtisad AlIslami magazine, & handling the duty of being the General Secretary of the Board.Members of Shariah Council: Professor Moulana Mohammad Salah Uddin Mr. Md. Nazrul Islam Mazumder Moulana Mohammad Sadequl Islam Mr. A. K. M Nurul Fazal Bulbul Professor H. M. Shahidul Islam Barakaty Mr. Md. Abdul Mannan Mr. A. S. M. Fakhrul Ahsan Mr. Zubayer Kabir Hafez Moulana Mufti Mohammad Khair Ullah Mr. Abdullah A l-Zahir Sawpan Hafez Quari Moulana Mufti Mohammad Nur Uddin Mr. Kazi Masihur Rahman 3. 14. 1 Shariah Auditing This is the civil supervisory aspect that shapes the Bank’s main feature.Its existence is part of the Sharia Supervision procedures. One of its main tasks is to check the Sharia compliancy in the Bank’s transactional procedures in accordance to the Fatwas issued in that regard, under the guidanceoftheShariaSupervisor. The Sharia auditor is assigned the task of revising the Bank’s transactional procedures throughout the year to check the extent to which the staff members and the different departments have abided by the regulations, advices, and Fatwas issued by the Fatwa & Sharia Supervision Board, forums, & banking conferences.As well as, assuring that all the contracts that states a right for the Bank or an obligation on the Bank is certified by the Fatwa & Sharia Supervision Board. Moreover, the Sharia Auditing submits periodic reports to the Sharia Su pervisor in order to be proposed to the Fatwa & Sharia Supervision Board to state what it finds appropriate in that regard. 3. 14. 2 Banking with shariah principles Export Import Bank of Bangladesh Limited is the 1st bank in Bangladesh that has converted all of its operations of conventional banking into shariah-based banking since July/2004.We offer banking services for Muslims and non-Muslims alike allowing our customers choice and flexibility in their savings and investments. Our products are approved by our Shariah Board comprising of veteran Muslim scholars of our country who are expert in all matters of Islamic finance. The process by which Noriba's investments are designed and executed allows the Bank to offer a combination of Sharia compliance and capital markets expertise that is unique throughout the world.Noriba is committed to the strict adherence to the requirements of the Sharia as a result of the Bank's sole focus on Sharia-compliant investments and the full supervisi on of its financial products and transactions by the Noriba Sharia Board. Noriba experts specifically design each of the Bank's investment vehicles with the approval of the Noriba Sharia Board. Once the given product or transaction has been arranged, the Noriba Sharia Board carefully screens it for compliance before giving final approval for its implementation.This control mechanism guarantees that all aspects of Noriba's final products and banking transactions are in adherence with the guidelines of the Sharia. 3. 15 SWIFT Services The SWIFT Service helped in sending and receiving the messages and instructions related to NOSTRO Account operations and L/C related matters. The banks have brought 11 of branches under SWIFT network. Other branches will come under the network hopefully by the 2005. SWIFT aims to provide a prompt and efficient service to help you gain the most from our products. As a part of this service a documentation set is supplied with each product.This Guide is a p art of that documentation set and contains as comprehensive and as up-to-date a description of the product as possible. 3. 15. 1 SWIFT Network SWIFT or the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication is a cooperative institution established in 1973 by a group of banks to manage their international telecommunications activities. Now over 2900 member banks, and regularly processes in excess of three million banking messages per day between banks in over 150 countries around the world own SWIFT. 3. 15. 2 SWIFT is the logical choice for most international financial transactionsWith over 5900 connections among the world's major banks, the chance is high that for any given transaction the bank you are dealing with is a SWIFT user. The SWIFT network provides facilities for ensuring that messages are transmitted in standard, internationally accepted formats, simplifying processing and permitting end to end automation of many banking transactions. SWIFT is highly secure, with elaborate mechanisms to ensure that information remains confidential, authentic and intact. With an extremely low unit transaction cost, SWIFT is nearly always the most cost-effective means of transmitting an international message. . 15. 3 SWIFT Messages In addition to its role as network provider, SWIFT is responsible for defining and maintaining standards for international banking telecommunications. Standards are necessary to ensure that banks understand the messages that they send to each other, and to allow them to process messages automatically. A. SWIFT message also comprises: ?Header containing the addresses of sending and receiving banks, the Message Type, Message priority, Delivery Monitoring Field, Obsolescence Period, Banking Priority. ?The usage and contents of SWIFT Message Headers and Trailers are more fully treated in the SWIFT.B. The advantages of SWIFT Message Types are: ?Predictability: Depending on the type of message, the format of the message can be predicted exactly, simplifying automation. ?Diversity: A specific Message Type exists for most banking activities. In order to use SWIFT Message Types and the SWIFT network, however, banks have to employ strict controls on the ways that messages are prepared to ensure that standards are respected and that the control Header and Trailer are complete and accurate. For this reason, most banks employ specialized computer software, such as PC Connect, to perform message preparation and processing. . 16 ATM Network The bank has already floated tender in the national dailies to setup a network of 60 ATMs and 350 POS machines. The job of ATM interfacing with the Core Banking Software is going on. Insha-Allah, by the end of this year, at least 10 ATMs will come under our own ATM network. 3. 17 List of Branches Dhaka Division ASHUGANJ BRANCH Address: Haji Zahirul Haque Munshi Shoping Complex, Ashugonj, Brahmanbaria. Phone: 01713-063433 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 08528-7456ASHULIA BRANCH Addre ss: Rifat Square Plaza, Jamgora, Ashulia, Dhaka. Phone: 7789978,01755-583690 Email: [email  protected] om Fax: 7789480 BANANI BRANCH Address: Kazi's Haritage Road # 11, House # 49, Block # H, Banani, Dhaka. Phone: 02-8837871-3, 8837874, 01713-040588,01755-584939. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 02-8837875BASHUNDHARA ROAD BRANCH Address: KA-11/4, Bashundhara Road, Badda, Dhaka-1212. Phone: 02-8415154, 01730-357952 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 02-8413883 BOARD BAZAR BRANCH Address: Afzal Tower, Board Bazar, National University,Gazipur. Phone: 9293053, 01713-229344. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 9293054DHANMONDI BRANCH Address: House # 4/A, Plot # 4, Road # 16 (Old-27) Dhanmondi, Dhaka.Email: [email  protected] com ELEPHANT ROAD BRANCH Address: 218, Elephant Road, Bata Signal, Dhaka – 1205. Phone: 02-9667097-8, 01714-021767. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 880-2-9667267FARIDPUR BRANCH Address: Faridpur Plaza,10, Thana Road, Faridpur. Phone: 0631-6117 0, 61128, 61174. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 0631-61182 GAZIPUR CHOWRASTA BRANCH Address: Nasir Super Market(1st Floor), Chandana Chowrasta, Gazipur, Dhaka. Phone: 02-9263537, 9263538, 9256492, 01713-145498 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 880-2-9256493 GULSHAN BRANCH Address: 75, Gulshan Avenue, Gulshan-1, Dhaka.Phone: 02-9862262, 9886296, 8819711, 01711-404821 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 880-2-8818703 HEAD OFFICE CORPORATE BRANCH Address: Symphony, Plot# SE(F):9, Road# 142, Gulshan Avenue, Dhaka. Phone: 02-8828985, 9884753, 9889567. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 02-8828962IMAMGONJ BRANCH Address: Haji Abdul Kader Mansion, 139 Chawk Mogoltuliy, Imamgonj, Dhaka Phone: 02-7315527-8, 01730-019954 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 880-2-7315530 KARWAN BAZAR BRANCH Address: BGMEA Complex (2nd Floor), 23/1 Panthapath Link Road, Karwan Bazar, Dhaka. Phone: 02-8140204-6.Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 02-8140200KERANIGONJ BRANCH Address: Rashed Iron Mar ket, Bond Dakpara, Zinzira Highway Road, Keranigonj, Dhaka. Phone: 02-7763691,02-7763692, 01730-706768. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 02-7763692 MALIBAGH BRANCH Address: 484, DIT Road, Malibagh, Dhaka – 1217. Phone: 02-9338578, 8319076, 01730-069695 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 880-2-9357057 MAWNA BRANCH Address: Kitab Ali Plaza, Mawna Chowrasta, Sreepur, Gazipur. Phone: 06825 – 52359, 06825-52831, 06825-52830, 01713-099837, 01713-361833. Email: [email  protected] om Fax: 06825-52359 MIRPUR BRANCH Address: Srayoshe Tower, Plot # 7, Rokeya Swarani, 10 No. Crossing, Mirpur, Dhaka – 1212. Phone: 02-8054226, 8056776, 8033801. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 880-2-8035668 MOTIJHEEL BRANCH Address: Sharif Mansion, 56-57,Motijheel C/A, Dhaka. Phone: 9568534, 9552800, 9568093, 9554988, 9554988, Dir-9553778 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 880-2-9569983 NARAYANGONJ BRANCH Address: 50, SM Maleh Road, Sattar Tower, Tanbazar, Narayangonj Phone: 764 0213, 7640214, 01711-439385 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 7640215NAWABPUR BRANCHAddress: 198/1, Nawabpur Road, Dhaka – 1100 Phone: 7125306, 7125307 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 880-2-7125308 NARIA BRANCH Address: Janakallan Bipony (1st Floor), Naria Bazar, Shariatpur. Phone: 0601-59135, 0601-59136, 01730-018970, 01730-018971 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 0601-159124NEW ESKATON BRANCH Address: 27/1, New Eskaton Road, Dhaka. Phone: 02-8314159, 8314435, 9352854 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 880-2-9349196 PALTAN BRANCH Address: Swadesh Tower, 41/6, Purana Paltan, Box Culvert Road, Dhaka-1000. Phone: 02-9513573, 02-9513574. Email: [email  protected] comFax: 02-9513572PANCHABOTI BRANCH Address: Atlanta Plaza (2nd Floor), Panchaboti, Fatullah, Narayangonj. Phone: 02-7672807,01730-001241 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 02-7672806 PANTHAPATH BRANCH Address: 19/2, West Panthapath, North Dhanmondi, Dhaka. Phone: 02-8124261, 9145911, 8141764, 9102671(E XP),9101334(IMP), 9101332(INV). Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 880-2-8126191RAJUK AVENUE BRANCH Address: 9, D. I. T Avenue, Ali Bhaban, Motijheel C/A, Dhaka- 1000 Phone: 02-9556884, 9565397, 9567115, 01713-164698 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 880-2-9555132 SAT MASJID ROAD BRANCHAddress: 47, Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka – 1209. Phone: 02-8118680, 9142073, 8141249, 01730-061460. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 880-2-8142232SAVAR BRANCH Address: B-71, Rana Tower,Bazar Road, Savar, Dhaka. Phone: 7742883, 01755-575408. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 7742882 SHIMRAIL BRANCH Address: Haji Ahasanullah Super Market, Chittagnong RD, Siddirgonj, Narayangonj. Phone: 7694672-3 (EXT. 101), 01714-038149, 01819-253283. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 7694268SONARGAON BRANCH Address: Zohra Mansion, Mograpara, Sonargaon, Narayangonj. Phone: 0672-356103, 0672-356205, 01755-584938Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 0672-356155 UTTARA BRANCH Address: House # 61/A , Road # 7, Sector # 4, Uttara Model Town, Dhaka. Phone: 02-8919785. 8952847,01714-041406 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 880-2-8952838 Chittagong Division AGRABAD BRANCH Address: Mawla Chember, 6 Agrabad C/A, Chittagong. Phone:031-727657,727658,2510733, 2511264,01711-898224 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 031-715796BAHADDARHAT BRANCH Address: Khaza Super Market, 680/A, Arakan Road, Bahoddarhat, Chittagong. Phone:031-2555056,031-2555058, 01730031489. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 031-2555057BASURHAT BRANCH Address: Jharna Shopping Complex, Basurhat Bazar, Companygonj, Noakhali. Phone: 03223-56060, 03223-56073, 01755-594105, 01755-594112. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 03223-56575CDA AVENUE BRANCH Address: Commerce View Complex,191, East Nasirabad, Chittagong. Phone: 031-652074, 657609, 01713396538 (G. B. Dept), 01730452371 (FEX Dept). Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 031-653026. CHHAGALNAIYA BRANCH Address: H. S Plaza, Matin Road, Chhagalnaiya, Feni. Phone : 03322-78018, 01713-193388. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 03322-78188. CHOWMUHANI BRANCHAddress: 60/231, D. B. Road, Chowmuhani,Begumgonj, Noakhali. Phone: 0321 – 52700, 51034, 01714-084311. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 0321 – 51034. COMILLA BRANCH Address: Goni Bhuiyan Mansion, A. K Fazlul Haque Road, Monoharpur, Comilla. Phone: 081 – 61850,01713-396537, 01973-229330 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 081-61722FENI BRANCH Address: Chistiya Trade Center, 308-310, S. S. K. Road, Feni . Phone: 0331-74060-1, 01730-001242. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 0331-74062 KHATUNGONJ BRANCH Address: Union Square Building, 1078, Ramjoy Mahajan Lane, Khatungonj, Chittagong.Phone: 031-615544, 610711,2851291, 01711-898223, 01713-229384 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 031-639080LAKSHAM BRANCH Address: Sufia Complex, Doulotgonj Bazar, Laksham, Comilla. Phone: 08032 – 51333, 01711-726302 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 08032-51252 MODAFFARGO NJ BRANCH Address: Alam Highway Supermarket (1st Floor), Modafforgonj, Laksham, Comilla. Phone: 01730-061455, 01730-061456 Email: [email  protected] com PAHARTOLI BRANCH Address: Noor Jahan Tower, Alanker More, Pahartoli, Chittagong. Phone: 031-2771695, 2771696, 01714-166966 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 031-750065SHITAKUNDA BRANCH Address: KDS Logistics Building, Sonaichhori, Sitakunda, Chittagong. Phone: 03042-51093, 01713-229338. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 031-2528900 SONAIMURI BRANCH Address: Mohammadia Super Market, Sonaimuri Bazar, Sonaimuri, Noakhali. Phone: 03227-51057, 03227-51058, 01711-750610, 01711-885754 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 03227-5105 THAKUR BAZAR KRISHI / SME BRANCH Address: Toffazal Hossain Chowdhury Market, Thakur Bazar, Shahrasti, Chandpur. Phone: 08427-56873, 08427-56878, 01730-373897. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 08427-56874 Rajshahi DivisionBOGRA BRANCH Address: Sheikh Mansion, Baragola, Bogra Phone: 051-60702, 60703, 6 0705 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 880-51-60704 RAJSHAHI BRANCH Address: Mollah Super Market, Zero Point, Shaheb Bazar, Rajshahi. Phone: 0721-772004,772005 ,01730-097272. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 0721-772004 Syhlet Division BEANIBAZAR BRANCH Address: Zaman Plaza(1st Floor), Beanibazar, Sylhet. Phone: 08223-56108,08223-56109, 01730-019951, 01730-452002 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 08223-56110 BISWANATH BRANCH Address: Al Madina Complex, Puran Bazar, Jagannathpur Road, Biswanath, Sylhet.Phone: 08224-56219,08224-56218,01730-735340 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 08224-56217 FENCHUGONJ BRANCH Address: Samad Plaza, Fenchugonj Bazar, Sylhet. Phone: 08226-56290 ,08226-56163. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 08226-56162 GOALABAZAR BRANCH Address: Abdul Karim Mansion, South Goalabazar, Osmaninagar, Sylhet. Phone: 08242-56255, 08242-56256,01730-735341 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 08242-56254 GOLAPGONJ BRANCH Address: Noor Mansion, Golapgonj, Sylhet. Phone: 08227-56461, 08227-56462, 01730-097268 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 08227-56463MOULVI BAZAR BRANCHAddress: Al-Aksha Shopping Centre,Kusumbag Area, Moulvibazar. Phone: 0861-63007,63008, 01714-167459 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 0861-63009 NOBIGONJ BRANCH Address: Bangla Tower, Sherpur Road, Nobigonj, Hobigonj. Phone: 08328-56526,01730-001240 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 08328-56528SYLHET BRANCH Address: Al-Hamra Shopping City, Zinda Bazar, Sylhet. Phone: 0821-724413, 0821-2831208, 01714-001964 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 880-821-725070 Khulna Division KHULNA BRANCH Address: A. Hossain Plaza 4, Sir Iqbal Road, Khulna. Phone: 041-2831470-2, 01730-018183Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 041-2831473JESSORE BRANCH Address: 37, M. K. Road, Jessore. Phone: 0421 – 67980-2, 01713-400273. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 0421-67983 KUSHTIA BRANCH Address: Rajob Ali Market, 152, N. S. Road, Kushtia. Phone: 071-71625, 73866, 71526. Email: [e mail  protected] com Fax: 071-61158BARISAL BRANCH Address: 105, Nasim Biswash Lane, Sadar Road, Barisal. Phone: 0431-2177080,2177081,01714-178882. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 0431-63767 DINAJPUR BRANCH Address: Northern Plaza, Goneshtola, Dinajpur. Phone: +880-531-61880, Email: [email  protected] comFax: +880-531-61770. RANGPUR BRANCH Address: 268, Shah Amanat Shopping Complex, Jahaj Company More, Station Road, Rangpur. Phone: 0521 -61214, 0521- 61215 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 0521 -61214 Chapter 04 Theoretical Aspect of Credit Management and Credit Policy 4. 1 Definition of Credit Policy Policy entails projected course of action. EXIM Bank has its own policy granting credit although credit is always a matter of judgment applying common sense in the light of one’s experience. A sound credit policy includes among other things safety of funds invested vis-a-vis profitability of the bank.Encouraging maximum number of small loans is better than concentrati on in a particular type of advances, which ensures sufficient liquidity with least incidence of bad debts. It has to be borne in mind that a good loan allowed to a properly selected borrower is half collected. In order to make a good loan there should have a good loan policy. 4. 1. 2Purposes of Credit Policy There are some objectives behind a written credit policy of Uttara Bank that are as follows: ? To provide a guideline for giving loan. ?Prompt response to the customer need. ?Shorten the procedure of giving loan. Reduce the volume of work from top level management. ?Delegation of authority of work from top level of management. ?To check and balance the operational activities 4. 1. 3 Formulation of a Credit Policy One of questions that should arise in a discussion of credit is who should formulate the policy. Although the ultimate responsibilities lay at the highest level in the organization i. e. the board of directors. Yet the actual drafting shall have to be done by the senior lending office in consultations with the chief executive officer and with contribution from senior officers, associates and subordinates.Obviously the level of origin will vary with the size and structure of the organization. The matter then referred to the board for approval after careful examination consideration and discussion. 4. 1. 4 Essential Components of a Sound Credit Policy There can be some variations based on the needs of a particular organization, but at least the following areas should be covered in any comprehensive statement of credit policy and EXIM Bank’s policy also covers these areas: 1.Legal consideration: The bank’s legal lending limit and other constraints should be set forth to avoid inadvertent violation of banking regulations. 2. Delegation of authority: Each individual authorized to extend credit should know precisely how much and under what conditions he or she may commit the bank’s funds. These authorities should be approved, at lea st annually, by written resolution of the board of directors and kept current at all times. 3. Types of credit extension: One of the most substances parts of a loan is a delineation of which types of loans are acceptable and which type are not. . Pricing: In any profit motivated endeavor, the price to be charged for the goods or services rendered is of paramount without it, individuals have few guidelines for quoting retag or fees, and the variations resulting from human nature will be a source of customer dissatisfaction. 5. Market Area: Each bank should establish its proper market area, based upon, among other things, the size and sophistication of its organization its capital standpoint, defining one’s market area is probably more important in the lending function than in any other aspect of banking. 6.Loan Standard: This is a definition of the types of credit to be expended, wherein the qualitative standards for acceptable loans are set forth. 7. Credit Granting procedure s: This subject may be covered in separate manual, and usually is in larger banks. At any rate, it should not be overlooked because proper procedures are essential in loan establishing policy and standards. Without proper procedure for granting credit and constant policing to ensure that these procedures are meticulous carried out, the best conceived loan policy will not function and inevitable, problems will develop. 4. 1. 5 Lending GuidelinesAs the bank has a rate of non-performing loans. Banks risk taking applied should be contained and our focus should be to maintain a credit portfolio keeping in mind of bank’s capital adequacy and recovery strength. Thus bank’s strategy will be invigorating loan processing steps including identifying , measuring , containing risks as well as maintaining a balance portfolio through minimizing loan concentration , encouraging loan diversification , expanding product range , streamlining security , insurance etc. as buffer again unex pected cash flow . 4. 1. 6 Focus on Industry and Business SegmentIndustry segment focuses on Textile, Pharmaceuticals, Agro-based, Food and allied, Telecommunication, Power generation and distribution, Health care, Entertainment Services, Chemicals, Transport, Infrastructure development, Linkage industry, Information technology, Ceramics, Others as decided from tome to time. And business segment focuses on Distribution, Brick field, Rice mill/ flour mill/ oil mill, Work order, Yarn trading, Cloth merchant, Industrial spares, Hardware, Electronic and electrical goods, Construction materials, Fish trading, Grocery, Wholesale/ retail, Others as dedicated from time to time . 1. 7 Types of Credit Facilities: Bank will go for ?Term financing for new project had BMRE of existing projects (large, medium, SME). ?Working capital for industries, trading services and others (large, medium, SME). ?Trade finance for import and export ?Lease finance ?Small loan for traders, micro enterprise and ot her productive small venture. ?Consumer finance ?Fee business 4. 2 Credit Management As EXIM bank is providing credit facility out of its total available funds, it has to manage these credits very efficiently.An efficient credit management system comprises many things and this cover the pre-sanction activities to post-sanction activities. Credit management is important as it helps the banks and financial institutions to understand various dimensions of risk involved in different credit transactions. At the pre-sanction stage, credit management helps the sanctioning authority to decide whether to lend or not to lend, what should be the loan price, what should be the extent of exposure, what should be the appropriate credit facility, what are the various facilities, what are the various risk mitigation tools to put a cap on the risk level.At the post-sanctioning stage, the bank can decide about the depth of the review of renewal, frequency of review, periodicity of the grading, and ot her precautions to be taken. Having considered the significance of credit risk, it becomes imperative for the banking system to carefully develop credit management. For this reason, the bank is maintaining a division which is well-known as credit division. 4. 2. 1 Process of Credit ManagementCredit Management Policy for any commercial bank must have been prepared in accordance with the Policy Guidelines of Bangladesh Bank’s Focus Group on Credit and Risk Management with some changes to meet particular bank’s internal needs. Credit management must be organized in such a process that the bank can minimize its losses for payment of expected dividend to the shareholders. The purpose of this process is to provide directional guidelines that will improve the risk management culture, establish minimum standards for segregation of duties and responsibilities, and assist in the ongoing improvement of concerned bank.The guidelines for credit management may be organized into the following sections: 4. 2. 2Policy guidelines a. Lending guidelines b. Credit assessment and risk grading c. Approval authority d. Segregation of duties e. Internal control and compliance 4. 2. 3 Program guidelines a. Approval process b. Credit administration c. Credit monitoring d. Credit recovery Now the guidelines are discussed in the following: 4. 2. 4 Policy guidelines a. Lending guidelines: The lending guidelines include the following: ? Industry and Business Segment Focus Types of loan facilities ? Single borrowers/ group limits/ syndication ? Lending caps ? Discouraged business types As a minimum, the followings are discouraged: oMilitary equipment/ weapons finance oHighly leveraged transactions oFinance of speculative investments oLogging, mineral extraction/ mining, or other activity that is ethically or environmentally sensitive oLending to companies listed on CIB black list or known oCounter parties in countries subject to UN sanctions oLending to holding companies. b. Cr edit Assessment and Risk Grading:A thorough credit and risk assessment should be conducted prior to the granting of loans, and at least annually thereafter for all facilities. Credit Applications should summaries the results of the risk assessment and include, as a minimum, the following details: ? Environment or social risk inputs ?Amount and type of loan (s) proposed ?Purpose of loans ?Loan structure ( tenor, covenants, repayment schedule, interest) ? Security arrangement ?Any other risk or issue ?Risk triggers and action plan-condition prudent, etc.Risk is graded as per Lending Risk Analysis (LRA), Bangladesh Bank’s Guidelines of classification of loans and advances. c. Approval Authority: Approval authority may be as the following: ? Credit approval authority has been delegated to Branch Manager, Credit Committee by the MD/ Board ? Delegated approval authorities shall be reviewed annually by MD/ Board. MD/ Board: ?Approvals must be evidenced in writing. Approval records m ust be kept on file with credit application ? The aggregate exposure to any borrower or borrowing group must be used to determine the approval authority required. Any credit proposal that does not comply with Lending Guidelines, regardless of amount, should be referred to Head Office for approval. d. Segregation of Duties: Banks should aim at segregating the following lending function: ? Credit approval/ risk management ?Relationship management/ marketing ?Credit administration e. Internal Control and Compliance: Banks must have a segregated internal audit/ control department charged with conducting audits of all branches. 4. 2. 5 Program guidelines a. Approval process: The following diagram illustrates an example of the approval process: b. b.Cre

Millwood Affair Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Millwood Affair - Essay Example Clause f of the policy does state that "any employee not following the foregoing procedures will be subject to disciplinary action ranging from suspension to termination." Besides, he has endangered public safety. Furthermore, some hardliners felt that an exception to policy would create a dangerous precedent and send employees the wrong message. On the other hand, other committee members were of the opinion that given the extensive praise that Millwood had received in the media, disciplinary action would damage the credit union's reputation within the community. The decision that the union needs to make is if any action is to be taken against Matt. And if action is to be taken, what is the appropriate action The final solution will be one that is within the bounds of the law, will not set a dangerous precedent for other employees, and preserve the union's reputation within the community. The first solution-take no action against Matt-will preserve the union's reputation within the community. However, it would set a dangerous precedent and send the wrong message to employees that the union condones violation of company policies. The last solution-terminate or dismiss Matt-is in accordance with company policy. But the union's reputation is at stake. Though at stake, it is not against the law to terminate Matt. Matt might have violated his duty of diligence, that requires an employee to act "with reasonable care and skill" in the course of performing work for the employer (Bogardus, 2004). But whether he has acted "with reasonable care and skill" or not is up the court to decide, since he is a Golden Hawk linebacker. However, he has definitely violated the duty of obedience, which requires employees to act within the authority granted by the employer and to follow the employer's reasonable and legal policies, procedures, and rules (Bogardus, 2004). A more middle-of-the -road solution is to take disciplinary action against Matt by issuing him with a letter of warning. RECOMMENDATION The second, middle-of-the-road solution of issuing Matt with a letter of warning is recommended. After all, Matt has followed the company's policy from clause a through to clause d, which are the main clauses that govern the safety of the employees and customers. Termination or dismissal would be too heavy a punishment. However, employees should be sent the correct message. Moreover, Matt did endanger public safety. The shots fired by the robber narrowly missed a young mother and her daughter. Hence, mild disciplinary action has to be taken. IMPLEMENTATION The Director of Human Resources will issue Matt a warning letter after the approval of this report by the Executive Committee. REFERENCES Bogardus, A.M. (2004). PHR/SPHR: Professional in human resources certification study guide. San Francisco:

Week Four Individual Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Week Four Individual Assignment - Essay Example I will be analyzing the databases used in the accounting department of my organization, a meat processing plant. One of the databases used by the accounting department of my meat processing plant is Microsoft Access. Access has an interface that does not require users to know and use structured query language (SQL). Those responsible for the utilization and maintenance of this database in my organization are not necessarily well-versed in SQL, so the easy-to-use interfaces of Access in beneficial in the efficiency of its use. (There is still plenty of room for errors for those that are not familiar with SQL, however.) Also good for efficiency is the fact that Access automatically categorizes objects. Organization of data is crucial, and Access provides sound organization. Because only the accounting department of my organization is using Access rather than the entire organization as a whole, Access works, at least for now. It is important to note that Access has been known to encounter errors or data corruption with very large data files. If my particular organization continues to expand and thus encounters greater quantities of data, it may be necessary to implement the use of a different database. It is unlikely, however, that we’ll expand quite that much. It has been said that â€Å"the right database accounting software [is the one that] will grow with your company.† (Dininni, 2008). Because Microsoft Access is so well known and widely used, there are many accounting software add-ons that can be obtained from the internet. Additionally, many of them are free. This will certainly be beneficial should my company encounter changing or additional needs or tasks. It may have been more efficient to have chosen a different database program from the start – one that was more specified toward the field of accounting. However, the software add-ons fulfill the needs of this company and at this point it would be very

Basic Approaches to Leadership - Contingency Theories Assignment

Basic Approaches to Leadership - Contingency Theories - Assignment Example Leadership is an â€Å"observable set of skills and abilities that are useful in any work society, community or society† (Kouzes & Posner, 2009). Leadership is best defined as - â€Å"the process of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task.† (Chemers, 1997). Over the years, many theories of leadership have been proposed: trait theories, contingency theories, situational theories, behavioural theories, participative theories, management theories and relationship theories. This paper is aimed at understanding the various contingency theories of leadership and identifying the one which is most accurate. Contingency Theory of Leadership Contingency theory of leadership was one of the first leadership theories that accepted that there is no single leadership style or model that would best suit all situations. Contingency theories were formulated on the idea that leaders need to adapt to different sit uations and need to be flexible. Behavioural leadership theories are the basis of contingency theories. According to contingency theory, leadership depends on the numerous environmental variables such as the situational demands, qualities of followers, workplace culture, job at hand, overall environment and the leadership style itself (Lussier & Achua, 2009). Contingency theory is based on the following four assumptions: A leadership style is dependent on the demands of the situation and a single leadership style is not applicable to all situations. Leadership is not a born talent and it can be learned Leadership is successful on only when the situational contingencies are understood Effective leadership is possible only when there is a match between the leadership style, behaviour or personality and situational demands (Lussier & Achua, 2009) Following are some of the contingency theories proposed: Fiedler Model: Fiedler model was proposed by Fred Fiedler and was the first continge ncy model. According to this, the effectiveness of a group or its performance was dependent on the match between the leadership style and degree of control the situation allowed to the leader. Hence, the effectiveness of the leader depends of the leadership style and 3 key situational factors: relationship of the leader and the follower, position power and task structure (Robbins, 2009). Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational Theory: The situational theory proposed by Hersey and Blanchard focuses mainly on the characteristics of the followers. According to this, the characteristic of the followers is the main element of the situation and is the deciding factor in the leadership behaviour/style adopted by the leader. That is, the readiness of the followers to carry out a task influences the leadership style. A different leadership style is needed when the follower’s task readiness is low (needs training and constant guidance) and when the follower’s task readiness is high (posses right skills and attitude along with willingness and confidence). Therefore, a leader needs to be flexible and adopt to the situation. A leader can adopt any of the four leadership styles (delegating, participating, selling and telling) depending on the situational factors (Daft & Lane, 2007). Leader-Member Exchange Theory: This is a very interesting contingency theory that argues that leaders try to establish a special relationship with a small group who possess similar attitude, demographic and personality characters as that of the leader. That

Research Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Research Plan - Essay Example For instance, price competition, the pressures brought about by price increases, changes in customer trends and preferences, and industry concentration. These factors have made it extremely challenging for supermarkets to keep their customers, let alone encouraging them to be loyal. As a result of these changes, there are a number of ways through which retailers respond. Tesco, in particular, has always been a leader in influencing the market, and retaining customers, largely due to their technology driven strategies, that focus on marketing the products and services with the help of technology. In addition, the company also emphasizes on establishing and developing relationships with their customers. On the other hand, other companies like Asda and Safeway have decided to take another path, focusing on offering goods and services at a more competitive price. Sainsbury, at the moment, is still trying to gain back the market share of what Tesco has taken from them (Obitz, 2009). This chapter shall focus on the concept of relationship marketing and customer relationship marketing, both of which aim to preserve the loyalty of existing customers, instead of simply aiming to gain new ones. In order for this to happen, companies need to be innovative in its marketing approach, and this study shall investigate the approach of supermarket retailers such as Tesco, which has opted to make use of the Internet as part of its marketing strategy. The following sections shall therefore discuss the integration of technology with customer relationship marketing and relationships marketing (both of which are two different concepts, as will be discussed later on). As was described in the previous paragraph, the leading supermarket retailers all have their own unique marketing approach, especially when it comes to the kind of relationship that they are able to establish with their customers. Apparently, there are two types of marketing

Discussion Forum Post Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Discussion Forum Post - Essay Example The way to accomplish the task was through advocacy for change, coercion by war or military and negotiation of treaties. The central aspect to unify the German states involved appealing for one language and culture. In addition, the German leaders had a romantic assertion that the culture, language and mind of the Germans were unique and superior to others. The achievement of this unity utilized the romantic aspects to preserve the traditional culture and leadership of Germany. Beethoven’s music (Ninth Symphony) maintained a traditional form of classic music and influences of enlightening the audience. Furthermore, the Beethoven’s music reflected the traditions, values and the historical background of the Germans. Moreover, Savage (2) indicates that Bismarck and King William I adopted the unique aspects in Beethoven’s ninth symphony to create a unique German nationalism. The aspects in Beethoven’s music that reflect the German culture include the classic, unique thematic movements. The movements stand independently yet Beethoven designed the music to deliver a uniform message. The other aspect in the music involves the romantic style of influencing the audience to maintain one culture. Furthermore, the themes in the music reflected the unity of the German people (Savage

Methodology Chapter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Methodology Chapter - Essay Example Some researchers claim that unless human behavior can be expressed in numerical terms, it cannot be accurately measured (cited by Jones, 2004). Qualitative data covers a range of material collected from previous research, literature review, case studies and unstructured interviews. Some researchers argue that the qualitative approach is better as it provides greater depth. The relationship between research philosophy and research method is important as it allows one to take an informed decision about the research approach, decide which methods are appropriate for the research, and also determine the constraints that may affect the research (Knox, n.d.). Research philosophy highlights different schools of thought on the how to conduct research. Arguments should be evaluated in different ways because primarily arguments have different roles and purposes and people assess according to the purpose in their mind. At times arguments provide useful information depending on one’s knowledge of how the world works. In a different setting, one can take an abstract approach and ask what follows from a given set of information and then decide on the outcome. Arguments can be evaluated in two qualitatively different ways – in terms of their deductive correctness or in terms of inductive strength (Rips, 2001). Logical positivism employs the quantitative and experimental methods to test deductive generalizations (Amaratunga et al.,). This requires independence of the observer from the subject being observed. Hypotheses have to be formulated in advance for subsequent verification. The explanations in this method are reduced to the simplest possible elements in order to facilitate analysis. Positivism claims that generalizations can be made from a set of events in that past and future decisions can be taken accordingly. The quantitative approach places great stress on numbers that represent

Biography of Emmanuel Kant Essay Example for Free

Biography of Emmanuel Kant Essay Known by many in the field as the father of modern philosophy, Immanuel Kant questioned many of the assumptions held in his day. He focused much of his work on the realm of human thought, understanding, and potential. His ideas about observation, learning, and experientialism set the precedent for all philosophers who followed him. Born in the early 1720s, Kant lived in what was known as East Prussia (now a part of Kaliningrad, Russia). There, he was able to secure a teaching position for nearly ten years when he began working at Konigsberg University. He would remain a part of their staff for nearly five decades contributing to the rise and popularity of philosophy of the day. Not much more is known about Kant’s earlier life. He did go on to having several of his pieces published, although none were an exact autobiography. In his Critique of Pure Reason, he discussed and raised interesting points about human knowledge. Instrumental on Kant’s own ideas was the work of philosopher David Hume, who agreed that human experience could be used for understanding, but that it should not be used to explain every phenomena we encounter in nature or in the real world. Kant built upon this idea. He stated that new experiences could be formulated based on past experiences because it our past that helps us learn about our future. He believed that the human mind organized events and ideas into categories that could be accessed later to determine how we might react in a certain experience. He came up with the word to describe the paradox of understanding: noumena. Kant’s own arguments about the existence of God were also not well accepted at his time. He believed that man could not rationalize God because it was not something that we had experienced before. In other words, we might be able to attribute certain characteristics to Him, but it is ultimately limited by our own human understanding of the universe. In essence, we could never come close to truly understanding who God is and predict what He is going to do. |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |.

Jrotc Mission Essay Example for Free

Jrotc Mission Essay Thats why is to motivate young people to be better citizens. And it also teaches you mapping Skills at first I was thinking why Im learning these but you well some point In your life. Also It Gives you more respectable as you rank up In doing that you In toured well be looking for you to set up In take charge. As you get promoted its not because of your teacher its because you Work hard and you showed that you earned it. In you showed great leadership skills. Another Reason Is Jot wants you to seek self-improvement out yourself its not just another class you Just take but you are becoming a part of a family. By being a part of these program it also Teaches you to be responsibility and to take responsibity for your actions. Then every cadet has To take a physical fitness test it Is required. You may say to yourself that I can do It or Im not Going to do well. But thats why Jrotc mission Is to motivate young people to be better citizens. The Key word is motivate by having your ins tours there in your friends In other cadets there You wont even think about cant do It that would be the last think on your mind. It as well Teaches your deplane skills you may think I dont like people yelling at me but there not yelling. They Just helping you by bring out the best In you. In By doing all these things you be able to Teach the next class of cadets behind you. Thats how Jrotc builds character

History Of The Mind Body Connection Philosophy Essay

History Of The Mind Body Connection Philosophy Essay For some years now it has been a proven fact that a mind and a body are closely related to each other. It seems that some people are born with an ability to control their bodies through the mind, but for some that skill takes a great effort and a lot of discipline. While scientist try to find tangible connections, it has grown to a common believe that a persons mind can generate a strong power over his or her body in order to relieve pain, control emotions and promote healing. Throughout the years yet another amazing discovery was made. It appears that a persons body physical state can greatly affect persons abilities to perform mentally, emotionally and academically. As many researchers have found out, certain physical activities and breathing practices, combined with some mental exercises have shown a significant increase in persons learning abilities. According to Ruth Weiss (2001), for many years neuroscientists, educators, nutritionists, psychiatrists, geneticists have examined the mind-body link to figure out how we  learn everything in this world. To better understand this concept we first need to know what a persons mind is and how it works. For Helmut Schwab (Princeton, 2005), the word mind is commonly used to describe a set of higher brain functions such as reasoning, memory, intuition, will, feelings, and emotions. Still, the main question regarding the nature of a mind is its relation to a physical brain and a nervous system. It has been generally agreed that a mind is a main factor which enables human beings to have subjective awareness  and intentionality  toward their environment. It also empowers them to  perceive  and to respond to  stimulus  with some kind of  an organization and a perception, including thinking and  feeling. Dr. John Ratey (2001), professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School and an author of A Users Guide to the Brain notes that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [brain] neurons that fire together-wire together. That is the basis of how we  learn. Two natural brain chemicals, nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurologic factor (BDNF) facilitate the growth of neuronal connections between brain cells. Ratey calls those substances Miracle Grow for the brain. They are released when the brains cells are active, such as when we think or puzzle over something. Our brains are the ultimate adaptation organs. In new situations our brain is  hungry  to  learn to manage incoming information. An area where the entire new  learning  takes place is called the association matrix. When we adapt- we make more growth factor, which continues to be produced as we  learn  new things. If you affect one area [of the brain], many others are also affected, says Ratey, There is a continuous connection within us, where our  thoughts  are influenced by our bodies and vice versa. Such a phenomena is a well known factor in human studies. According to Dr. Brogaard, (2011), an imbalance in brain chemistry affects a physical state of people, and a physical imbalance affects their mental state. Very often a peoples mind due to a stress or other factors can put limitations on their potentials in many areas of life. However, a lot of researchers have found it is possible to control a persons mind through a set of physical activities, including exercise and relaxation. A physical state of a persons body can dramatically influence his or her mental and learning abilities. Through a hard work we can reach a mind-body balance that gives us a possibility to achieve almost any task. Athletes, martial artists, police officers, law enforcement professionals, soldiers in special units are all have been trained to use these techniques. Keith Vargo (2011, November) states: Unity of mind and body is . . . the unity of action and thought for the purpose of keeping the practitioner alive. It makes him a better person, too. It balances him and control the stress. It fulfills the greatest hope, the highest ideal . . . it means knowing ones hidden self. According to Elizabeth Scott (2011), general body stress is one of important factors that could limit our actions in order of attaining our goals. In fact, a high index of stress hormone cortizol can affect our mind and, subsequently, our body control. It weakens our physical energy, strength, endurance, and our body organs, and it makes our learning skills less efficient. Cortizol creates a destruction of muscle tissue gluconeogenesis, which consists of the demolition of protein and glucose that represents the last resource of the brain to refurnish immediate energy in physically and mentally challenging situations. There is a solution for that problem, thought. It has been proven, that an application of physical activity and sport in general can transform every moment of life into positive energy usable by stimulating the body through a more positive mental approach to perceive new challenges, physical and mental, and produce good feelings. Generally speaking, better physical movements and  exercise  can dramatically enhance ones optimal  learning  state. Eric Jensen (2005) explains that there is strong evidence that supports the connection between movement and learning. Evidence from imaging sources, anatomical studies, and clinical data shows that moderate exercise enhances cognitive processing. It also increases the number of brain cells. Our minds and bodies work together to help us to pay attention, to solve problems, and to  remember  solutions. Our physical states support our mental efforts. Moving  our bodies, however, isnt enough. Professional trainer and physical guru Jillian Michaels (2012), affirms that learning and practicing visualization techniques can help you achieve your goals by guiding you to make more of a mind-body connection to those goals. Having and keeping a vision of the future affects your behavior and actions now. Ruth Weiss (2001), state that a variety of mental exercises such as doing crossword puzzles,  learning  a new skill or a new language, playing chess or backgammon can strengthen and renew neural connections thereby keeping a brain flexible and  resilient. Even the simple task of brushing ones teeth with ones no dominant hand can increase connections between our axons (nerve fiber) and dendrites (branched projections of a  neuron). The best news is that studies show our brains remain  resilient  and capable of making new connections throughout our lives. If we continue to challenge our brains, they will remain fit just like our muscles, hearts, and lungs. Challenging ourselves mentally keeps our synaptic pathways (junction between two neurons) alive. Meditation  and prayer, practiced throughout the world for tens of thousands of years, can also induce a state of relaxation, which proves mentally and physically beneficial. Dr. Herbert Benson (2010) of Harvard medical school believes that a regular practice of the  relaxation leads to a sense that  emotionsand the physiological reactions that go with themcan be brought under control. If someone deeply understands his potential by mastering all of his senses, it becomes possible to make the most out of the energy to actively support all the capabilities of his mind and body to react to any event. It empowers that person to easily go into any situation where he has to surpass and overcome every physical and mental challenge. By treating their physical bodies, intellect, and spirit well, people can take advantage of the brains great plasticity and their own power to reconfigure it. A perfect balance between someones mind and body would be a crucial factor for a performance in all daily activities as well as in processing any kind of new information and learning new skills.

Arrowsmith by Sinclair Lewis :: Sinclair Lewis Arrowsmith

"Arrowsmith", by Sinclair Lewis In the novel "Arrowsmith", by Sinclair Lewis, written in 1925, one can read of our world's lack of idealism in science, most often found in the medical profession (Encarta, 1). This book portrays the times in terms of scientific advancement not being idealistic, mostly in the medical field. Our scientists could not come up with their own ideas and our progress was going nowhere, fast. Although, today we are advancing so rapidly that we have no choice but to move and experiment, there is no time to slow down and copy old works. Sinclair Lewis also combines his life and the life of a graduating microbiologists, who he interviewed to help him write this book, into his main character, Dr. Martin Arrowsmith. All of this goes into the book "Arrowsmith". Sinclair lewis was born on the seventh of February, 1885, in the town of Sauk Centre, Minnesota, to his warmhearted parents, Emma Kermont Lewis and Dr. Edwin J. Lewis. At a very young age Sinclair read widely in grade school and continued on in his studies for many years (Grebstein, 16). Lewis studied at Yale University form 1903 till 1906. There he studied literary writings and works to help him become a writer. His father had disagreed with his career choice, but he went on and did what he wanted to do most, write. At one time he was so disgusted with his father that he ran away and tried to join the Spanish-American War as a drummer boy (Cobletz, 248). He did not get far; his father caught him before he left town. Back to collage he went and even through collage Lewis still read many books. One professor was quoted as saying "He was drawing more books from the Yale library than, I believe, any undergraduates before or since." Lewis was known to read such books from authors Hardy, Meredith, James, Howells, Austen, Bronte, Tolstoy, Pushkin, Turgenev, Gogol, Flaubert, Zola, Huneker, Pinero, Jones, Shaw, d'Annunzio, Sudermann, Yeats, George Moore, Nietzsche, Haeckel, Huxley, Moody, Marx, Gorky, Blake, Pater, Shelley, Keats, Coleridge, Rossetti, Swinburne, Clough, and Ibsen. All of these authors were influential to him, but none more than the famous H. G. Wells (Grebstein 24). He accomplished all this during college while keeping two or more jobs at one time and writing for several papers along with his own books that he wrote. In October of 1906 he left school for a few months and stayed with his brother in his utopian colony in New Jersey. A few months later he remembered the work ethics his father taught him and went back to school and got his degree in 1907.

John Donnes The Indifference :: Poets, Poetry, Prose

John Donne's "The Indifference" is a love poem that can be interpreted in a number of ways. Not only is the meaning of the text debatable, but the audience for which the poem was intended can be argued as well. The language Donne uses leaves room for the reader's imagination and intellect to take over and decide to whom he is talking and why. The author is writing to a specific audience for a specific reason, trying to convey his point through his verse. While not all people agree as to whom this poem is intended for or whom the speaker is actually talking to, I have a good understanding as to what Donne is trying to accomplish by writing "The Indifference" and whom the voice of the piece is actually talking to. The interpretation that I found to be most convincing is that he is speaking to a woman, who is by herself, and he is letting her know what kind of qualities (or lack there of) he is looking for. He is giving a disclaimer to her on the type of person he is and how he views relationships so she knows what she's getting herself into. The first stanza starts off with the speaker listing opposite character types. All of the types listed refer to different types of women, "Her whom the county formed, and whom the town" and "Her who still weeps with spongy eyes, / And her who is dry cork, and never cries". The speaker is not referring to one type of woman in particular, but to all women in general. He is telling the woman that he is addressing know just how many different types of woman he can or will potentially be interested in. Another interesting aspect of the first stanza is Donne's wording at the beginning of each line. He starts each with either "I can love" or "Her who". This is his passive way of informing the reader as to what type of woman he can and wants to love: any woman who is alive and willing to take a chance on him. It is not until the final two lines of the stanza that he actually puts any requirements as to what kind of a woman he specifically wants, "I can love her, and her, and you and you, / I can love any, so she be not true".

The Grand Canyon Railway

One interesting feature of the southwestern United States is the area known as the â€Å"Four Comers. † the only place in the United States where four slates meet at one point. Within the 130,000 square miles of the Colorado Plateau in this region lie many wonders of nature. The plateau contains eight national parks, twenty national monuments, as well as numerous other nationally designated areas and huge tracts of national forests. This wealth of natural features and the cultures of the various Native American tribes in the region have made the area an important destination for tourists, especially those interested in natural history and culture. The â€Å"crown jewel† for this region is generally considered to be the Grand Canyon, one of the seven natural wonders of the world. This wonder of nature is 190 miles long, one mile deep, and between 4 and 18 miles wide. The Grand Canyon covers 1. 900 square miles of the Colorado Plateau and is home to 1,000 species of plants 250 species of birds and 70 species of animals. A number of Native American tribes are found in the region of the Grand Canyon, including the Hualapai, Hopi. Navajo and Havasupai (who live on the floor of a side canyon) The principal attraction to visitors is the sheer size and beauty of the canyon itself. The walls of the Grand Canyon are made up of many layers of rock, with widely varying textures, colors, and hues. This panorama of nature changes by the season, weather, and time of day. Generally, the morning and late afternoon offer the most striking views for visitors to the canyon. The South Rim in Grand Canyon National Park (Grand Canyon NP) is open year-round, whereas the North Rim (also in the park) is closed in winter. In the summer months, Grand Canyon NP becomes quite crowded with visitors and motor vehicles. Consideration is being given by the National Park Service to ban vehicles from the park and move visitors around the park by shuffle buses. Williams, Arizona, serves as one important â€Å"jumping off† point for visitors traveling to Grand Canyon NP, with the South Rim of the canyon only fifty-nine miles north of the town. Williams is closely identified with travel to the canyon and has even registered the trademark â€Å"The Gateway to the Grand Canyon,† which no others may use. At an elevation of 6,800 feet, Williams, by itself, has many attractions in the town and surrounding area such as lakes for swimming and fishing, horseback iding, and a downtown listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The surrounding Kaibab National Forest in the vicinity of Williams offers opportunities for camping, fishing, and hiking for both visitors and resident alike. The town has for many years been an important transportation hub for both rail and highway. Williams is closely identified with Route 66, also known as the â€Å"Mother Road,† that connected Chicago, Illinois and Santa Monica, California, long before the interstate highway system was developed. Williams has the last stretch of the original Route 66 bypassed by the interstate system (in this case, 1-40). Even before highways became highly developed, Williams has served as a railroad terminal (since 1882) for the forerunners of the Atchison, Topeka, & the Santa Fe Railroad (Santa Fe) the latter continues to serve the town today with freight-only service. The most popular way for visitors to get from cither Williams or Flagstaff (thirty-two miles to the east) to Grand Canyon NP is by motor vehicle, although the pending restrictions on vehicles might be expected to change this somewhat. An attractive alternative for some visitors is to travel between Williams and the Grand Canyon by rail. The Grand Canyon Railway (GCRy) offers this option with one round-trip per day. This rail service, which operates purely as a tourist railroad, began operations in September 1989 and has provided daily service since that day (except for December 24 and 25). Historically, rail service on this line began much earlier but passenger service was abandoned in the 1960s due to economic pressures from the automobile. Freight service from the Santa Fe was abandoned in 1974, with no work performed on the track between Williams and the Grand Canyon until 1989. The work to get the GCRy running was monumental, because all engines and passenger cars had to be acquired and completely rebuilt. In addition, the depot at Williams and the adjoining Fray Marcos Hotel were in need of substantial refurbishing. In the depot, operating offices, ticket offices, a waiting room, and souvenir shop are found. All of this work was accomplished in a span of seven months to be ready for the September 1989 opening. Today, the GCRy provides an interesting and nostalgic way for visitors to travel to the canyon. During the summer months, daily round-trip rail service is provided by steam locomotive, and in the winter diesel locomotives are used due to the severity of weather conditions. For all service, passengers travel in railcars that date from 1923 and are reconditioned to approximate that time period. Departure from Williams is at 9:30 A. M. and arrival at Grand Canyon NP is at 11:45 A. M. , in the center of the park's historic district at the 1910 Grand Canyon Depot. The train departs from the Grand Canyon at 3:15 P. M. and arrives back in Williams at 5:30 P. M. No smoking is allowed on the train in â€Å"any of the railcars. Reservations can be made by calling a toll-free number, 1-800-THE TRAIN. Information about the train ride, but not reservations, is available on the railroad's website, wvw. thetrain. com. Different classes of serviceareoffered to travelers, depending on the fare paid and the car in which a passenger rides. The basic coach service is priced â€Å"at $49. 50 per adult and $19. 50 per child. Snacks are available for purchase; Diet Coke and Coke are complimentary in this class, with the latter served in GCRy keepsake bottles. Club Class, which includes the availability of alcoholic beverages and complimentary coffee and pastries in the morning, is priced at an additional $14. 50. The Coconino Main Class provides recliner chairs, a full continental breakfast, appetizers and champagne in the afternoon and the availability of alcoholic beverages for an additional $49. 50 per person. Coconino Dome Class represents a further upgrade. The service level is the same as Coconino Main Class, but passengers ride in an upper level enclosed dome which provides unsurpassed views of the surrounding landscape. The highest class of service, Chief Class, is provided in a railcar with an open-air rear platform; complimentary continental breakfast, coffee, tea, and juice are provided in the morning and champagne and appetizers in the afternoon. This class of service is priced at an additional $64. 50 per person. For all classes, the entrance fee to Grand Canyon NP is an additional charge. Oilier services are also available from the GCRy for additional charges. Continental breakfast is served in the terminal for $5. 95 per person until the train departs. Narrated motorcoach tours of the South Rim of the Grand Canyon are available from the Fred Harvey Transportation Company (the concessionaire for Grand Canyon NP) of varying lengths, some of which include lunch. Packages are available which may include one or two nights at the Fray Marcos Hotel in Williams and one night at a hotel in Grand Ganyon NP. During the ride from/to Williams many natural and man-made venues can be seen. There is formal narration for some of these venues and a printed guide is available for purchase, which describes these sights and provides a history of the GCRy. Interestingly only a very limited view of the Grand Ganyon is available from the train just as it arrives at and departs from the park. In Coach Class, each railcar has an attendant who serves beverages (Coke and Diet Coke), goes around with snacks for sale, and engages in conversations with the passengers. During the summer, many of these attendants are college students on break from their studies. The Grand Canyon Railway uses costumed performers in a number of different ways to simulate an earlier time period. Before the train departs from Williams, performers stage an â€Å"Old West† gunfight, just as was found some 100 years ago, Performers also move among the railcars: often singing songs of the â€Å"Old West, during the trip to the Grand Canyon. Passengers are encouraged to sing along with the performers. All of the performers are costumed in the' type of dress found at the â€Å"turn-of-the-century. † On the return trip, the activities are slightly different. A group of performers stage a train robbery, just as was found during earlier times in the southwestern United States. Passengers are included in portions of the action, but none are actually robbed. Eventually, the sheriff captures the train robbers and takes them away to be put in jail. Passengers, especially younger children, enjoy this activity, which makes the trip back to Williams seem much shorter than it actually is. The other activity that some engage in is to take a nap, because many are fired due to their activities at the high altitude and in the low humidity of the Colorado Plateau. A recent survey conducted by the GCRy found that many passengers rate their train trip experience as excellent. Perhaps just as important, these passengers say that they would recommend the GCRy trip to friends. Additionally, the most satisfied passengers were likely to return again. Passenger satisfaction derives from the varied experiences received during the round-trip ride and the Grand Canyon itself wish the latter experience not under control of the GCRy but rather the National Park Service. ?This case was prepared by Dr. Fredrick M. Collision and is intended for classroom use. The situations portrayed here do not imply either effective or ineffective management on the pun of the Grand Canyon Railway. The cast: was written based on published materials of the railroad, the National Park Service, the, Williams-Grand Canyon News and the author's personal experience.